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Example · Hardy–Weinberg calculator

Cystic fibrosis affects about 1 in 2,500 newborns. How common are carriers?

q = 0.02p = 0.982pq = 0.0392
  1. The recessive phenotype frequency is q² = 1/2500
  2. q = √0.0004 = 0.02, so p = 1 − q = 0.98
  3. Carriers: 2pq = 0.0392, about 1 in 25.5

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Testing for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium

How a χ² goodness-of-fit test compares observed genotype counts with expectations.

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